Archive for June, 2008

The Gates of Morning

Monday, June 30th, 2008

The Gates of Morning

Author
Henry De Vere Stacpoole

Country
United Kingdom

Language
English

Series
Blue Lagoon trilogy

Genre(s)
Romance

Publisher
Hutchinson

Publication date
1925

Media type
Print (Hardcover)

Pages
286 pp

ISBN
N/A

Preceded by
The Garden of God

The Gates of Morning is a romance novel by Henry De Vere Stacpoole, first published in 1925. It is the third novel of the Blue Lagoon trilogy which began with The Blue Lagoon (1908) and continued with The Garden of God (1923).

Stacpoole wrote this third book as a kind of exposé of the despoiling of South Sea Island cultures and people by Europeans. His introduction says:

Never in the history of the world has ruin fallen on a people as it has fallen upon the natives of these far islands; nowhere else will you find the remains of a once noble race left in its original setting of pure air, yet stinking of gin and petrol and exhibited at times to the world between the finger and thumb of Romance or Realism. Could it speak, this remnant, would it not say: “White man, you have taken from us all good things but Death; you have given us all bad things but Pride; make one return — Silence. Do not write about us; or, writing, remember only what we were”?

Plot summary

The novel picks up a day or so after the events at the conclusion of The Garden of God. Dick Lestrange, son of Richard and Emmeline Lestrange, is about fourteen or fifteen. He has come to love Katafa, a Spanish girl who is the adopted daughter of the Kanaka people of the island of Karolin, about forty miles from the island (Palm Tree) where his parents lived. Now she has brought him to her island, and due to a series of complicated political circumstances, the people have declared him their new king.

Dick is not unwilling to lead the people, but needs advice and guidance. He also sees immediately that the island has a defense problem. In The Garden of God, all the Karolin men of warrior age and status have died as the result of an ill-advised attack on Palm Tree — and all their war canoes were burned. Fishing canoes still exist, but new war canoes must be built at once. The Melanesian slaves who took over Palm Tree at the end of The Garden of God were all men; if they decide to make Palm Tree (which Kanaka call Marua) their permanent home, they will attack Karolin, the nearest island, to steal women.

He’s sent for three elderly men, expert canoe-builders, from the southern side of the immense island; but the ladies who took his message return without them, saying they don’t acknowledge Taori (Dick) as their leader. Dick goes in person to explain the situation and meets Aioma, the oldest canoe-builder, and his granddaughter Le Moan, age fourteen, who falls in love with Dick on sight. She has no idea that Dick is already married, let alone that his bride is her own Aunt Katafa (Katafa being an adopted daughter of the late priestess Le Juan and therefore sister to Le Jenabon, Le Juan’s biological daughter, who is Le Moan’s mother).

Left alone on the southern shore when all the other people from the south side go north to help with the canoe building, Le Moan sees the Kermadec, a schooner full of white men, sail into the lagoon. Thinking they might attack the people, and especially Dick, Le Moan tells them that she is alone on the island, that everyone else died in a storm. Captain Peterson, a rough and ferocious-looking but kindhearted man, takes her aboard and gives her over to Sru, his Paomotuan assistant, to stay with the Kanaka crew until he can find her a place to live on another island. Talking with Le Moan, Sru learns two things; the girl has a gift of absolute direction, and can find her way to anyplace she has ever been without need of a compass; and she wears a very large double pearl ornament, which tells Sru that Karolin’s lagoons are full of pearls.

Sru encourages her to confide in him, including the part about her being in love with Dick and trying to protect him. She also tells him that the lagoon is indeed thick with pearl oysters. Sru tells her Captain Peterson would never have harmed Dick or the people, but that he must not be told about the pearls, because he is something of a profiteer and might take everything for himself. He spends the next few weeks teaching her how to steer the ship. With first mate Rantan and a beachcomber named Carlin who is hitching a ride on the ship to go to the northern islands, Sru plans and carries out a mutiny, killing both Peterson and a white sandalwood trader — and framing the natives of the island where the sandalwood trader lived for the murder.

Meanwhile, Aioma is enthusiastically directing the people in the building of new war canoes and conversing endlessly with Dick about boats, about the model ships built long ago by Kearney and treasured by Dick as his one remaining link with his old life. Aioma has also become Dick’s chief of staff, so to speak, advising him about etiquette and his duties as king (for instance, he warns Dick that he must not lower himself to work with the people, because to be seen as their equal is unfitting). The Kermadec returns to Karolin, guided by Le Moan, who remains on board as Rantan and Carlin go ashore, shoot a number of the people including two babies, and break up the half-finished canoes. Returning to the Kermadec they tell the Kanaka crew that the people of Karolin attacked them, but Le Moan saw what really happened and tells the crew later, advising them that the people of Karolin are good and will accept them if they go ashore in peace.

Le Moan manages to kill Carlin, and tries to kill Rantan; as he defends himself, she is rescued by crewman Kanoa, who is secretly in love with her. They tie Rantan and deliver him into the hands of the Karolin people, who indeed welcome the Kanaka from the Kermadec in peace and friendship. Dick gives Rantan to the mothers of the babies who died, to do with as they see fit. Only now does Le Moan discover that Dick and Katafa are married.

A few days later, the tide goes out at half flood and returns with a vengeance, like a tsunami. Three great waves sweep the island, destroying everything, while the people take to the trees. In the next hours huge flocks of birds are seen in the skies, coming from the direction of Palm Tree. When Aioma, Dick, and Le Moan decide to take the Kermadec out on the ocean so that the men can learn to steer it properly, they make for Palm Tree, only to discover that it has completely sunk beneath the ocean. The island of the Blue Lagoon is no more.

Aioma believes this is a sign, not from the gods, but from Uta Matu, the late king of Karolin, whose warriors Dick is responsible for having killed (though they mostly killed each other). Le Moan, hearing this, decides to try to keep Dick for herself by steering away from Karolin and pretending she’s lost her gift of direction (implying it’s the curse of Uta Matu). Dick, devastated by the loss of his former home, is so desperate to get back to Karolin and Katafa that he takes ill. Le Moan cannot stand his suffering, gives up, and declares that her direction-sense has come back and steers the Kermadec for home.

On the way, they encounter an abandoned ship. Aioma, unwisely, takes out his frustration with the papalagi (foreigners) and their ships by boarding this one — full of dead bodies — and setting fire to it. He proceeds to do the same to the Kermadec when they get back to Karolin. What he does not know is that his contact with the abandoned ship has infected him with measles. By evening of the next day everybody on Karolin has caught it, and having no resistance, nearly everyone dies. Katafa is frantic with grief, because Dick has caught it, too, and is lying delirious, speaking only in English.

Le Moan blames herself; if she’d never asked the Kermadec for a lift none of this would have happened. She believes the curse of Uta Matu, and of her own grandmother Le Juan, have brought shame, disgrace, sickness and death to her people. She calls out to Katafa, “Taori will not die: I go to save him; the nets are spread for him, but I will break them — I, who have brought this evil.” The instant she speaks these words, Dick’s fever cools down and he begins to improve. As Katafa goes to care for him, Le Moan gets in her fishing boat. Sailing it clear out to sea, she takes the sail down, lies down in the bottom, and gives herself to the gods. Stacpoole ends the story by saying that to this day, Karolin remains unexplored and uncharted, because try as they might, no one can ever quite get there.

External links

  • The Gates of Morning Full e-text at Taori’s Pacific Islands.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gates_of_Morning
Categories: 1925 novels | British novels | Romance novels

The Pacific Between

Monday, June 30th, 2008

The Pacific Between

Author
Raymond K. Wong

Country
United States

Language
English

Publisher
Behler Publications

Publication date
February 15, 2006

Media type
Print (Paperback)

Pages
234 (First Edition)

ISBN
ISBN 1-933016-32-9 (First Edition)

The Pacific Between is a romantic coming of age novel by Raymond K. Wong. Published in 2006, The Pacific Between was the finalist for the IPPY Book Award in 2006. The novel is loosely based on the author’s experience as an immigrant and young adult, but the characters and events are entirely fictional.

The Pacific Between contains many themes such as betrayal, sacrifice, unconditional love, pride, prejudice, and life’s lessons, set in Southern California and Hong Kong. It is Raymond K. Wong’s debut novel.

Contents

//

Plot overview

When Greg Lockland returns to California for his parents’ funeral, he discovers letters that suggest an affair between his ex-lover, Lian, and his late father. Suspicions, anger and jealousy take Greg on a transpacific journey to find the truth. One by one, people from the past return to his life, including elusive and perfect Lian. Uncovering deep-rooted deceptions creates more twists and turns to the past than an old Chinese alleyway. The Pacific Between evinces the power of unconditional love and deals with personal subjects such as death, estrangement, and betrayal. It is a man’s journey to discover himself and the world around him. Told with wit and humor, this nostalgic tale speaks true to the heart about relationships, families, and sacrifices. Raymond K. Wong’s rich Asian voice makes his story spring to life through the development of his vibrant characters, exotic settings, complex Chinese-American relationships, humor, and a superb plot of perceived betrayal.

Explanation of the novel’s title

The Pacific Ocean physically separates East and West, America and China; it also separates the protagonist from his past. He later travels across the Pacific to find his truths. Figuratively, there is a vast ocean within the protagonist’s heart and soul.

Plot summary

When entrepreneur Greg Lockland arrives in California to attend his parents’ funeral, his world begins to unravel. Pictures of a brother he barely remembers and letters discovered hidden in his father’s safe deposit box suggest an illicit affair between his late father and Greg’s ex-lover Lian Wan.

Confused and angry, Greg visits Kate Walken, a young woman with whom his relationship has taken an unexpected, romantic turn. Greg hates secrets and the hurt they cause. Yet, he tells Kate only of the pictures he found. Greg battles with his mixed emotions and can’t bring himself to tell her about Lian. Does he still love Lian? Does he love Kate? Can he love Kate?

Greg is like a boy who never grew up. He’ll stop at nothing to get what he wants. Though he can be affectionate, he can be obnoxious, deceiving and secretive-all the things he loathes.

Seething anger, growing suspicion, and inescapable jealousy accompany Greg on a transpacific journey to Hong Kong in search of Lian and the truth about the affair.

Greg has no idea he’s about to unlock a secret that has been kept closeted for years. One after another, people return from his past, each adding another roadblock to Greg’s mysterious puzzle. With each piece of information, Greg is forced to re-examine his beliefs, feelings, and relationships with old friends and family.

Among those who help Greg is Agnes, the Director of Nursing at the hospital where his father once worked. She is a bossy, mannish, British nurse whom Greg never liked. During his relentless search to uncover the truth, Greg is surprised to find Agnes with his happy-go-lucky friend Old Chow and realizes Agnes has a passionate side. Agnes and Old Chow prod Greg to explore his feelings and their secret plans push him into another situation of doubt.

(Summarized by Joanne D. Kiggins)

Characters

  • Greg Lockland - An American entrepreneur who grew up in Hong Kong but lives in the U.S. as an adult. He is spoiled and he always gets what he wants, except that he really doesn’t know what he wants in life. He falls in love with a childhood friend, Kate, but he still holds on to his first love, Lian. When he discovers secrets about Lian, he embarks on a transpacific journey to find the truth.
  • Kate Walken - A young American woman living in San Diego. She used to know Greg Lockland when she was still in high school. After years of separation, she reunites with Greg and falls in love with him. However, she has no idea how Greg feels about her.
  • Lian Wan - A Chinese nurse living in Hong Kong. She was once Greg Lockland’s lover when they were both very young. After Greg returned to the States, he never heard from Lian again.
  • Agnes Cunningham - A British nurse living in Hong Kong. Greg’s old adversary.
  • Old Chow - A Chinese custodian. Greg’s old friend.
  • Howard Cape - An American doctor working in Hong Kong. Lian’s old boyfriend and Greg’s friend.
  • Victor Marcello - An American opera singer in Hong Kong. He helps Greg look for Lian.
  • Martin Cowen - Greg’s old chump from high school. Their lives drift apart after Greg returned to the States. They both vied for Lian’s affection.
  • Helen - Martin Cowen’s deaf daughter. A headstrong girl whom Greg suspects is his father’s illegitimate daughter.
  • Patrick Taylor - Greg’s best friend in the States.
  • Susan - Patrick’s daughter.
  • Ollie - a bartender in Hong Kong.
  • David Kwan and Ming Sing Chow - Greg’s old chumps from high school and mutual friends with Martin Cowen.

Awards

  • 2006 Independent Publishers Book Award - Multicultural Adult Fiction

Release details

  • 2006, USA, Behler Publications ISBN 1933016329, Pub date February 15, 2006, Trade Paperback

See also

  • Raymond K. Wong

External links

  • Review at BlogCritics
  • Review at January Magazine]

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pacific_Between
Categories: 2006 novels | American novels | Romance novels

Confessions of a Shopaholic (film)

Monday, June 30th, 2008

This article or section contains information about one or more scheduled or expected films.
The content will change as the film’s release approaches and more information becomes available.

Confessions of a Shopaholic

Directed by
P.J. Hogan

Produced by
Jerry Bruckheimer

Written by
Kayla Alpert
Tim Firth
Tracey Jackson

Starring
Isla Fisher
Hugh Dancy
Krysten Ritter

Distributed by
Touchstone Pictures

Release date(s)
February 13, 2009

Country
 United States

Language
English

IMDb profile

Confessions of a Shopaholic is an upcoming film adaptation of the novel The Secret Dreamworld of a Shopaholic by British chick lit author Sophie Kinsella, using the novel’s American title Confessions of a Shopaholic. It is directed by P. J. Hogan and stars Isla Fisher as the central character Rebecca Bloomwood. It is currently in post-production and is set to be released on February 13, 2009.

Contents

//

Plot

A college grad named Rebecca Bloomwood moves to Manhattan to nurture her shopping addiction and get involved in the New York magazine world. Though she is up to her neck in debt, she becomes a financial-advice columnist and even manages to fall for a wealthy entrepreneur.

Cast

  • Isla Fisher as Rebecca Bloomwood
  • Hugh Dancy as Luke Brandon
  • Krysten Ritter as Suze
  • John Goodman as Rebecca’s father
  • Joan Cusack as Rebecca’s mother
  • John Lithgow as a publishing magnate
  • Kristen Scott Thomas as a magazine editor
  • Leslie Bibb as a fashion magazine staffer
  • Lynn Redgrave as a doyenne of a publishing empire
  • Julie Hagerty as a business magazine assistant

Production

Filming took place in New York and Connecticut.

References

  1. ^ Confessions of a Shopaholic (2009) - Release Dates
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Borys Kit. “Five more for ‘Shopaholic’”, The Hollywood Reporter, 2008-03-12. Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 
  3. ^ a b c d e Tatiana Siegel. “Cusack, Goodman join ‘Shopaholic’”, Variety Magazine, 2008-03-04. Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 

External Links

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confessions_of_a_Shopaholic_%28film%29
Categories: Upcoming films | 2009 films | Comedy films | Romance films

Bardelys the Magnificent

Monday, June 30th, 2008

Bardelys the Magnificent

Directed by
King Vidor

Written by
Rafael Sabatini (novel)
Dorothy Farnum

Starring
John Gilbert
Eleanor Boardman

Music by
William Axt

Cinematography
William H. Daniels

Distributed by
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Release date(s)
1926

Running time
90 min.

Country
 United States

Language
Silent film
English intertitles

Allmovie profile

IMDb profile

Bardelys the Magnificent is a 1926 silent romantic drama film directed by King Vidor starring John Gilbert and Eleanor Boardman. The film was based on a novel by Rafael Sabatini. It was only the second film of the 19 year old John Wayne, who had a minor role. The film was considered lost for years, the only surviving bits being the trailer and a brief excerpt in Vidor’s Show People, but several intact reels were discovered in a European collection.

Cast

  • John Gilbert as Bardelys
  • Eleanor Boardman as Roxalanne de Lavedan
  • Roy D’Arcy as Chatellerault
  • Lionel Belmore as Vicomte de Lavedan
  • Emily Fitzroy as Vicomtesse de Lavedan
  • George K. Arthur as St. Eustache
  • Arthur Lubin as King Louis XIII
  • Theodore von Eltz as Lesperon
  • Karl Dane as Rodenard
  • Edward Connelly as Cardinal Richelieu
  • Fred Malatesta as Castelrous
  • John T. Murray as Lafosse
  • Joe Smith Marba as Innkeeper (as Joseph Marba)
  • Daniel G. Tomlinson as Sergeant of Dragoons
  • Emile Chautard as Anatol
  • John Wayne as Guard (uncredited)
  • Lou Costello as Extra (uncredited)

See also

  • John Wayne filmography (1926-1940)

External links

  • Bardelys the Magnificent at the Internet Movie Database

v • d • e

Films directed by King Vidor

1910s

Hurricane in GalvestonThe Grand Military ParadeThe Lost LieBud’s RecruitThe Chocolate of the GangTad’s Swimming HoleThe Accusing ToeI’m a ManThe Turn in the RoadBetter TimesThe Other HalfPoor Relations

1920s

The Family HonorThe Jack-Knife ManThe Sky PilotLove Never DiesReal AdventureDusk to DawnConquering the WomanPeg o’ My HeartThe Woman of BronzeThree Wise FoolsWild OrangesHappinessWine of YouthHis HourThe Wife of the CentaurProud FleshThe Big ParadeLa BohèmeBardelys the MagnificentThe CrowdThe PatsyShow PeopleHallelujah!

1930s

Not So DumbBilly the KidStreet SceneThe ChampBird of ParadiseCynaraThe Stranger’s ReturnOur Daily BreadThe Wedding NightSo Red the RoseThe Texas RangersStella DallasThe Wizard of Oz

1940s

Northwest PassageComrade XH. M. Pulham, Esq.An American RomanceDuel in the SunOn Our Merry WayThe FountainheadBeyond the Forest

1950s

Lightning Strikes TwiceJapanese War BrideRuby GentryMan Without a StarWar and PeaceSolomon and Sheba

1960s

The Metaphor


 This article about a silent film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardelys_the_Magnificent
Categories: 1926 films | American films | Black and white films | Silent films | Romance films | American silent films | Films directed by King Vidor | Silent film stubs

La Anam (novel)

Monday, June 30th, 2008

La Anam
لا أنام

Author
Ihsan Abdel Quddous

Country
Egypt

Language
Arabic

Genre(s)
Drama

Publisher
Dar al-Qalam

Publication date
1 January 1969 (4th edition)

Media type
Print (paperback)

Pages
288

La Anam listen (help·info) (Arabic: لا أنام‎, English: Sleepless) is a drama novel by the prominent Egyptian novelist Ihsan Abdel Quddous.

Plot summary

The novel’s main character, Nadia, is a spoiled young woman, whose parents are divorced. Their divorce has led to a strong relationship between Nadia and her father. Her father tries to move on with his life and meets a new woman, Safia, who he quickly falls in love with. Nadia, who feels the loss of her father’s love, deliberately tries to ruin his relationship with Safia. Nadia is willing to control others lives and change them just to keep her life the way she wants it. She decides to set up her father with one of her friends, a seductive and promiscuous woman. Her father falls in love with the lady, who is actually having an affair. Meanwhile, Nadia is stuck with a man who is older than her.

Film adaptations

Like many of Abdel Quddous’s novels, this novel has had film adaptations. The 1957 film La Anam, which starred several distinguished actors and actresses like Faten Hamama, Omar Sharif, Rushdy Abaza, and Yehia Chahine, is based on this novel. This film was selected one of the best 150 Egyptian film productions in 1996, during the Egyptian Cinema centennial.

References

  • La Anam (Arabic). Adab wa Fan. Retrieved on 2007-02-01.
  • Book information (Arabic). Neel wa Furat. Retrieved on 2007-02-01.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Anam_%28novel%29
Categories: 1969 novels | Egyptian novels | Romance novelsHidden category: Articles including recorded pronunciations

Final Fantasy VIII

Monday, June 30th, 2008

Final Fantasy VIII

Developer(s)
Square

Publisher(s)
JP Square
NA Square Electronic Arts
PAL SCE Europe (PlayStation)
EU Eidos Interactive (Windows)

Designer(s)
Hironobu Sakaguchi (executive producer)
Shinji Hashimoto (producer)
Yoshinori Kitase (director)
Yoshitaka Amano (image illustrator, title logo designer)
Tetsuya Nomura (character designer)
Kazushige Nojima (scenario writer)
Nobuo Uematsu (composer)
Yusuke Naora (art director)

Series
Final Fantasy

Platform(s)
PlayStation, Microsoft Windows

Release date
PlayStation
JP February 11, 1999
NA September 7, 1999
PAL October 27, 1999
Windows
NA January 25, 2000
EU February 18, 2000
JP March 23, 2000

Genre(s)
Console role-playing game

Mode(s)
Single-player

Rating(s)
CERO: B (12+)
ELSPA: 11+
ESRB: T (Teen)
OFLC: M15+
USK: 12+

Media
PlayStation
4 CD-ROMs
Windows
5 CD-ROMs

System requirements
Windows
266 MHz Intel Pentium II CPU, 64 MB RAM, video card with 4 MB RAM, 8X CD-ROM drive, 300MB free hard disk space , DirectX 6.1, Windows 95 operating system or above

Input methods
Controller, keyboard, mouse

Final Fantasy VIII (ファイナルファンタジーVIII, Fainaru Fantajī Eito?) is a 1999 console role-playing game developed and published by Square (now Square Enix) for Sony’s PlayStation and Microsoft’s Windows-based personal computers as a part of the Final Fantasy series. The game’s story focuses on a group of young mercenaries who are drawn into an international conflict, and seek to protect the world from a sorceress manipulating the war for her own purposes.

Thirteen weeks after its release, Final Fantasy VIII had earned more than US$50 million in sales,

Final Fantasy VIII is a departure from many traditional standards of the Final Fantasy series. It is the first game in the series to consistently use realistically proportioned characters, the first to feature a vocal piece as its theme music, and one of the only titles to deviate from the series’ traditional means of increasing a character’s power. In addition, it does not have a Magic Point-based system for spellcasting.

Contents

//

Gameplay


An example of navigation on the field map

Like Final Fantasy VII, Final Fantasy VIII consists of three main modes of play: the world map, the field map, and the battle screen. The world map is a 3D display in which the player may navigate freely across a small-scale rendering of the game world. Characters travel across the world map in a variety of ways, including by foot, car, Chocobo, train, and airship. The field map consists of controllable 3D characters overlaid on one or more 2D pre-rendered backgrounds, which represent environmental locations such as towns or forests. The battle screen is a 3D model of a location such as a street or room, where turn-based fights between playable characters and CPU-controlled enemies take place. The interface is menu-driven, as in previous titles, but with the typical weapon and armor systems removed and new features present, such as the Junction system. Also featured is a collectible card-based minigame called “Triple Triad”.

Junction system

This new system designed by battle designer Hiroyuki Ito revolves around “summonable” monsters, called “Guardian Forces” (”GF”). A character must have a GF assigned (”junctioned”) to them before he or she can do anything in battle besides “Attack” with their weapon, such as “Magic”, “GF” (summoning the GF to perform an action), and “Item”. While previous Final Fantasy titles provided each character with a limited pool of Magic Points (MP) that were consumed by each spell, in Final Fantasy VIII, spells are obtained (”drawn”) from enemies, Draw Points distributed throughout the game’s environments, and usable items. Spells are then stocked on characters as quantified inventory (up to 100 at a time) and are consumed one by one when used. Guardian Forces allow characters to “junction” these spells to their own statistics—such as Strength, Vitality, Evade, and Luck—for various bonuses.


A battle with an early boss, X-ATM092; to summon Shiva, Zell’s ATB gauge is replaced by a blue bar which triggers the summon when it is depleted.

The flexibility of this system makes it possible to build a powerful party early in the game. This alternative use of such summoned creatures was a significant departure for the Final Fantasy series, as they were previously used almost exclusively to deliver a single devastating attack during battles. Furthermore, the system replaced the equipment system of previous games with a permanent, specialized weapon for each character; each weapon can be upgraded several times, which increases its power and alters its appearance. For example, Squall begins with a gunblade called the Revolver, but after fully upgrading it, it becomes the Lion Heart.

Limit Breaks

As in Final Fantasy VII, each character has unique special attacks called “Limit Breaks” (”Special Arts” in the original Japanese version). Whereas Limit Breaks in Final Fantasy VII are triggered by filling the Limit meter through taking damage, in Final Fantasy VIII, they are randomly available every turn when the character’s health (Hit Points, or HP) is below 32% of its current maximum, and influenced also by the negative status effects the character is afflicted with. This system is similar to the Desperation Attacks from Final Fantasy VI, which are triggered on rare occasions when a character is near death. The magic spell Aura increases the probability of Limit Breaks appearing, regardless of a character’s remaining Hit Points.

Another change is that most of the main characters’ special techniques feature interactive elements, ranging from a slot machine design to fighting game-style button inputs. These elements, which are dependent on the character and the nature of the Limit Break, can be used to increase the potency of the attack.

Experience levels

Experience points are awarded following successful battles against randomly encountered enemies. When a character accumulates a certain amount of experience points, he or she gains a “level”, which increases that character’s base statistics. Unlike previous Final Fantasy games, however, randomly encountered enemies have no set level—their levels increase alongside those of the playable characters. Higher-level enemies are capable of inflicting and withstanding significantly more damage, and may have additional special attacks. Statistic increases from “leveling up” are minuscule compared with those that are available through the Junction system.

In addition to gaining levels, Guardian Forces earn Ability Points (AP) after battles, which are allocated to special abilities that Guardian Forces can learn. When a Guardian Force has learned an ability, that ability becomes available for any character—and, in some cases, the entire character party—to use. Through learned abilities, they can receive attack enhancements in battle, refine magical spells from items, provide bonuses to characters when leveling up, provide access to shops, and add battle commands.

Plot


A map of the world of Final Fantasy VIII, displaying some of the major locations

Setting

Main article: World of Final Fantasy VIII

Most of Final Fantasy VIII is set on an unnamed fantasy world with one moon. The planet comprises five major landmasses, with Esthar, the largest, covering most of the eastern portion of the map. The southernmost landmass includes an archipelago of broken sections of land that have drifted apart. Islands and marine structures flesh out the rest of the game world, and a handful of off-world locations round out the game’s playable areas.

As part of a theme desired by director Yoshinori Kitase to give the game a foreign atmosphere, various designs were given to its locations using the style of internationally familiar places, while also maintaining a fantasy atmosphere. Inspiration ranged from ancient Egyptian and Greek architecture, to the city of Paris, France, to an idealized futuristic European society.

Characters

Main article: Characters of Final Fantasy VIII

The six main playable characters in Final Fantasy VIII are Squall Leonhart, a loner who keeps his focus on his duty to avoid vulnerability; Rinoa Heartilly, an outspoken and passionate young woman who follows her heart in all situations; Quistis Trepe, an instructor with a serious, patient attitude; Zell Dincht, a martial artist with a passion for martial arts and hot dogs; Selphie Tilmitt, a cheerful girl who loves trains and pilots the spacecraft Ragnarok; and Irvine Kinneas, a marksman and consummate ladies’ man. Playable supporting characters include Laguna Loire, Kiros Seagill and Ward Zabac, who appear in “flashback” sequences, and antagonists Seifer Almasy and Edea Kramer.

During the game’s pre-production, character designer Tetsuya Nomura suggested the game be given a “school days” feel. Scenario writer Kazushige Nojima already had a story in mind in which the main characters were the same age; their ideas meshed, taking form as the “Garden” military academies. Nojima planned that the two playable parties featured in the game (Squall’s present day group and Laguna Loire’s group from the past) would be highly contrasted with one another. This idea was conveyed through the age and experience of Laguna’s group, versus the youth and naïveté of Squall’s group.


Squall’s gunblade “Revolver”, as seen in the game’s opening credits

To maintain the game’s theme of a foreign atmosphere, the characters were designed to have predominantly European appearances. The first Final Fantasy VIII character designed was Squall. Desiring to add a unique angle to Squall’s appearance and emphasize his role as the central character, Nomura gave him a scar across his brow and the bridge of his nose. As there was not yet a detailed history conceived for the character, Nomura left the explanation for Squall’s scar to Nojima. Squall was given a gunblade, a fictional revolver–sword hybrid that functions primarily as a sword, with an added damaging vibration feature activated by use of its gun mechanism,

With Final Fantasy VIII came the inclusion of some designs Nomura had previously drawn, but had not yet used in a Final Fantasy game. These were the designs of Edea, Fujin and Raijin. The latter two had originally been designed for use in Final Fantasy VII, but with the inclusion of the Turks characters in that game, it was felt that Fujin and Raijin were unnecessary. Nomura had designed Edea before the development of Final Fantasy VII, based on the style of Yoshitaka Amano.

Story

Final Fantasy VIII begins as Squall duels with Seifer in a training session outside the military academy known as “Garden”. The two cadets scar one another’s faces and are returned to Garden for treatment.

During the graduation party, Squall meets Rinoa, whose personality is apparently the opposite of his own.


Students from Balamb Garden battle Galbadian soldiers

After the team escapes, Galbadian missiles destroy Trabia Garden. Fearing that Balamb Garden is the next target of Edea’s campaign for revenge, the team splits into two units: Squall’s group returns to Garden to warn of the attack, but must first stop an internal conflict incited by NORG, who had been staying at the Garden until recently. Ellone eventually escapes to Esthar, the game’s technological superpower.

Throughout the game, Ellone sends Squall and his allies into a series of flashbacks set seventeen years in the past.

Meanwhile, Squall deals with personal conflicts fueled by ongoing developments,


Squall and Rinoa embrace after he frees her from confinement in Esthar

While Rinoa is being treated on Esthar’s space station, Ultimecia uses her to free Sorceress Adel from her orbital prison. Ultimecia then orders Seifer to activate the Lunatic Pandora facility, inciting a rain of creatures from the moon that sends Adel’s containment device to the planet. Time Compression is thus initiated; Squall and his allies travel to Ultimecia’s era and defeat her.

With Ultimecia defeated, the universe begins returning to normal; however, Squall is nearly lost in the flow of time as he witnesses the origins of the game’s story. When a dying Ultimecia travels back in time to pass her powers to Edea, Squall informs Edea of the concepts of Garden and SeeD that she will create. Afterward, he is warped back into the time stream and is rescued by Rinoa. At the end of the game, Squall kisses Rinoa during SeeD’s victory celebration.

Development


Tetsuya Nomura’s conceptual art for the character of Sorceress Edea

Development of Final Fantasy VIII began in 1997 during the English language translation of Final Fantasy VII. Shinji Hashimoto was assigned to be the producer in Sakaguchi’s place.

From the beginning, Kitase knew he wanted a thematic combination of fantasy and realism. To this end, he aimed to include a cast of characters who appeared to be ordinary people. Character designer and battle visual director Tetsuya Nomura and art director Yusuke Naora strove to achieve this impression through the inclusion of realistically proportioned characters—a departure from the super deformed designs used in the previous installment. Additionally, Naora attempted to enhance the realism of the world through predominantly bright lighting effects with shadows distributed as appropriate. Other measures taken included implementing rental cars for travel in-game,

Scenario writer Kazushige Nojima has expressed that the dynamic of players’ relationships with the protagonist is important to him. Both Final Fantasy VII and Final Fantasy VIII feature reserved, quiet protagonists in the form of Cloud Strife and Squall Leonhart. With Final Fantasy VIII, however, Nojima worked to give players actual insight into what the character was thinking; a direct contrast with his handling of Final Fantasy VII’s script, which encouraged the player to speculate. This approach to Final Fantasy VIII is reflected by the frequent use of dialogue that takes place solely within Squall’s mind, allowing the player to read his thoughts and understand what he is thinking or feeling even when he keeps those thoughts to himself.

In 1999, the ballroom dance scene of Final Fantasy VIII was featured as a technical demo for the PlayStation 2.

Audio

Main article: Music of Final Fantasy VIII

Regular series composer Nobuo Uematsu wrote and directed the soundtrack for Final Fantasy VIII, which was released on four Compact Discs by DigiCube in Japan, and by Square EA in North America. Additionally, a special orchestral arrangement of selected tracks from the game—arranged by Shiro Hamaguchi—was released under the title FITHOS LUSEC WECOS VINOSEC, and a collection of piano arrangements—performed by Shinko Ogata—was released under the title Piano Collections: Final Fantasy VIII.

The score is best known for two songs: “Liberi Fatali”, a Latin choral piece that is played during the introduction to the game, and “Eyes On Me”, a pop song serving as the game’s theme, performed by Chinese singer Faye Wong. The latter song was released as a CD single in Japan and sold over 400,000 copies,

Reception and criticism

 Reviews

Publication
Score

Edge
9 of 10

Electronic Gaming Monthly
9.5 of 10

Famitsu
37 of 40

Game Informer
9.5 of 10

Game Revolution
A-

GameSpot
9.5 of 10

IGN
9 of 10

Official PlayStation Magazine (US)
5 of 5

Gaming Age
A-

Compilations of multiple reviews

Compiler
Score

Metacritic
90

Game Rankings
89.8%

Within two days of its North American release on September 9, 1999, Final Fantasy VIII became the top-selling video game in the United States, a position it held for more than three weeks.

Reviews of the gameplay have been mixed. Multimedia news website IGN felt that it was the weakest aspect of the game, citing its Guardian Force attack sequences as “incredibly cinematic” but tedious,

Critics have compared the other aspects of the game to previous Final Fantasy installments. Gaming Age cited the storyline and graphics as two major improvements over Final Fantasy VII, while considering the music “hardly a step up…”.

Merchandise

In the month of Final Fantasy VIII’s Japanese release (February 11, 1999), a beginners’ guide and a postcard collection were released. These were followed in March by Final Fantasy VIII Ultimania, a book that features an in-depth guide to Final Fantasy VIII and interviews with the developers. A sticker album (Final Fantasy VIII Seal Book) and a pictorial transcript of the game (Final Fantasy VIII Memorial Album) were released in June and September respectively. An origami book was released on November 19, 1999.

On September 22, 1999, a CD-ROM titled Final Fantasy VIII Desktop Accessories was released. It contains desktop icons, computer wallpapers, screensavers, and an e-mail application. Additionally, Final Fantasy VIII Desktop Accessories features an edition of the Triple Triad minigame from Final Fantasy VIII, creating the ability to play against opponents via a local area network.

The European release of Final Fantasy VIII saw a relatively large amount of merchandise being packaged together with the game for an initial run special release at no extra cost. These were all sold in a large rectangular box which contained a Final Fantasy VIII t-shirt, a PlayStation memory card and a selection of Final Fantasy VIII stickers - designed for adhering to the PlayStation memory card.

References

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    A civilization in Centra 4000 years ago. These Centra people emigrated to other continents and founded the Dollet Empire to the west and Esthar to the east. Centra was destroyed 80 years ago by the Lunar Cry. Square Co.. Final Fantasy VIII. Square EA. PlayStation. (in English). (1999-09-09)
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  16. ^ This weapon was recently featured in an Electonirc Gaming Monthly article that discusses its practicality and historical precedents. See Evan Samoon, “Gun Show: A real military expert takes aim at videogame weaponry to reveal the good, the bad, and the just plain silly,” Electronic Gaming Monthly 230 (July 2008): 49.
  17. ^ Dr. Kadowaki: Why don’t you take it easy in training? Next time you might not be so lucky. / Squall: Tell that to Seifer. / Dr. Kadowaki: Quistis? Come get your student. Yes, yes… His injury’s not serious. It’ll probably leave a scar. Square Co. Final Fantasy VIII. Square EA. PlayStation. (in English). (1999-09-09)
  18. ^ Xu: Our client for this mission is the Dollet Dukedom Parliament. A request for SeeD was made 18 hours ago. Dollet has been under attack by the G-Army since about 72 hours ago. 49 hours into the battle, Dollet abandoned their position in the inner city. Currently, they have retreated into the nearby mountains and are reorganizing their troops. That’s the current status. Now onto the mission objective. According to our reports, the G-Army is mopping up the Dollet troops in the mountain region. We’re to make a landing at Lapin Beach. We’re to eliminate the remaining G-Army within the city and liberate it A.S.A.P. Afterwards, SeeD members will intercept any G-Army forces trying to make their way into the city from the mountain region. Square Co. Final Fantasy VIII. Square EA. PlayStation. (in English). (1999-09-09)
  19. ^ Headmaster Cid: “Seifer. You will be disciplined for your irresponsible behavior. You must follow orders exactly during combat. But I’m not entirely without sympathy for you. I don’t want you all to become machines. I want you all to be able to think and act for yourselves. I am…” (Final Fantasy VIII)
  20. ^ (1999) in Square Electronic Arts: Final Fantasy VIII North American instruction manual (in English). Square Electronic Arts, 6–9. SLUS-00892GH. 
  21. ^ Squall: “Our next mission… This is no ordinary mission. It’s a direct order from both Balamb and Galbadia Garden. We’re to… …assassinate the sorceress. Square Co. Final Fantasy VIII. Square EA. PlayStation. (in English). (1999-09-09)
  22. ^ Squall: So, you’ve become the sorceress’ lap dog? / Seifer: I preferred to be called her knight. This has always been my dream. Square Co. Final Fantasy VIII. Square EA. PlayStation. (in English). (1999-09-09)
  23. ^ Raijin: “I dunno. At first, they were sayin’ somethin’ ’bout roundin’ up the SeeDs, ya know!? Now, everyone’s either sidin’ with the Garden Master or the headmaster and fightin’ everywhere, ya know!?” (Final Fantasy VIII)
  24. ^ Squall: “I’m terribly sorry. It was inevitable… We lost control of the Garden.” (Final Fantasy VIII)
  25. ^ Squall: “Oh, and one more thing… It appeared that the Galbadians were searching for Ellone. That seemed to be their main objective in FH. (Final Fantasy VIII)
  26. ^ Squall: “(Ellone has the ability to allow people to experience the past. Maybe the sorceress is after her for this ability. What other reason could there be?)” (Final Fantasy VIII)
  27. ^ Laguna: “A fierce debate ensued about who should govern this country after Adel was gone. I wasn’t paying close attention while they made me up to be this hero of the revolution, and I ended up being president.” (Final Fantasy VIII)
  28. ^ Squall: (How long has it been since we started moving?) (There’s not much more to do now. We’ve taken care of all the monsters in the Garden.) (Oh yeah… I still have to report to the headmaster. There’s a lot of things I want to ask about, too.) (He’s probably still busy, trying to reestablish order in the Garden.) (…We’re in the middle of nowhere.) (Man, I’m bored…) (I hate having nothing to do. It gets me thinking too much.) (I hope Selphie and the others are all right. Was it wrong for me to let them go? I wonder how Quistis and Irvine felt about it.) (That sorceress… Who is she? Why fire missiles at the Garden? Is Seifer ever coming back? I’ll get even with him next time.) Square Co. Final Fantasy VIII. Square EA. PlayStation. (in English). (1999-09-09)
  29. ^ Cid: This journey will involve many battles. A well qualified leader is needed for this. Therefore, I am appointing Squall as your new leader. From now on, Squall will be the leader. He will decide our destination and battle plan. Square Co. Final Fantasy VIII. Square EA. PlayStation. (in English). (1999-09-09)
  30. ^ Squall: “…Why is it that we forgot? We grew up together as kids… How’s that possible…?” / Irvine: “How about this? …The price we pay for using the GF. The GF provides us its power. But the GF makes its own place inside our brain…” / Quistis: “So you’re saying that the area is where our memories are stored? No…! That’s just a rumor the GF critics are spreading.” / Zell: “So if we keep relying on the GF, we won’t be able to remember a lot of things?” (Final Fantasy VIII)
  31. ^ Cid: She had been a sorceress since childhood. I married her, knowing that. We were happy. We worked together, the two of us. We were very happy. One day, Edea began talking about building the Garden and training SeeD. I became obsessed with that plan. But I was very concerned with SeeD’s goal, that one day SeeD might fight Edea… (Square Co. Final Fantasy VIII. Square EA. PlayStation. (in English). (1999-09-09)
  32. ^ Edea: …I have been possessed all this time. I was at the mercy of Sorceress Ultimecia. Ultimecia is a sorceress from the future. A sorceress many generations ahead of our time. Ultimecia’s objective is to find Ellone. Square Co. Final Fantasy VIII. Square EA. PlayStation. (in English). (1999-09-09)
  33. ^ Rinoa: There was a sorceress inside me. Ultimecia, a sorceress from the future. She’s trying to achieve time compression. Square Co.. Final Fantasy VIII. Square EA. PlayStation. (in English). (1999-09-09)
  34. ^ Doc Odine: “We just exorcise the sorceress. There iz nothing Odine cannot do.” (Final Fantasy VIII)
  35. ^ Controller: “The lunar world is a world of monsters. Didn’t you learn that in school? As you can see, the monsters are gathering at one point. History’s starting to repeat itself. The Lunar Cry is starting.” (Final Fantasy VIII)
  36. ^ Rinoa: But Edea’s still… I can’t guarantee anything, either, if Ultimecia possesses me again… You saw me. She controlled me in outer space and made me break Adel’s seal. Square Co. Final Fantasy VIII. Square EA. PlayStation. (in English). (1999-09-09)
  37. ^ Descendant 1: Sorceress Rinoa. Hyne’s descendant. / Descendant 2: Come with us. We must seal your power for the sake of the world. Square Co. Final Fantasy VIII. Square EA. PlayStation. (in English). (1999-09-09)
  38. ^ Doc Odine: “There iz only only one way to defeat Ultimecia. You must kill her in ze future. …There is no normal way to jump to ze future under normal circumstances. But there iz still a way! It iz because Sorceress Ultimecia plans to compress time. Compressing time with magic… Vat good will it do for ze sorceress to compress time? There may be many reasons, but it doesn’t matter. …In order for Ultimecia to exist in this time, she must take over ze body of a sorceress from ze present. But ze machine must have a limit. Ultimecia probably needs to go back further in time to achieve time compression. Only Ellone can take her back further into ze past. Zat iz why she iz desperately seeking her. We must take advantage of Ellone’s power. …Once Ultimecia iz in ze past, she’ll use ze time compression magic. …Ultimecia also goes back to her own world. Vat would be left is ze time compressed world. Past, present, and future will all get mixed together. You will keep moving through ze time compression toward ze future. Once you’re out of ze time compression, zat will be Ultimecia’s world. It’s all up to you after zat.” (Final Fantasy VIII)
  39. ^ Laguna: Adel will need to pass on her powers before being defeated. Rinoa, will you be willing to accept them?” (Final Fantasy VIII)
  40. ^ Squall: “Both Garden and SeeD were your ideas. Garden trains SeeDs. SeeDs are trained to defeat the sorceress.” (Final Fantasy VIII)
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External links

v • d • e

Final Fantasy VIII

Characters • Music • World

Triple Triad • Chocobo World

Squall Leonhart • Rinoa Heartilly

v • d • e

Final Fantasy series

Main series

Final Fantasy  • II  • III (DS)  • IV (DS)  • V  • VI  • VII  • VIII  • IX  • X  • XI  • XII  • XIII

Other media

Compilations and collections • Sequels, prequels and sidestories • Spin-offs • Novels and manga • Films and animation

Common elements • Minigames • Music

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VIII
Categories: 1999 video games | Eidos Interactive games | Final Fantasy VIII | Final Fantasy games | Interactive Achievement Award winners | PlayStation games | Video games with time travel | Romance video games | Windows gamesHidden category: Featured articles

Air (visual novel)

Monday, June 30th, 2008

Air


Air original visual novel cover.

Genre
Drama, Fantasy, Romance

Game

Developer
Key

Publisher
Visual Art’s (PC)
NEC Interchannel (DC/PS2)
Prototype (SoftBank 3G/PSP/FOMA)

Genre
Eroge, Visual novel

Rating
18+ (Original PC), 15+ (PS2)

Platform
PC, Dreamcast, PS2, SB 3G, PSP, FOMA

Released
September 8, 2000 (PC-limited)

Other releases:

July 19, 2001 (PC-regular)
July 27, 2001 (PC All Ages)
September 20, 2001 (Dreamcast)
August 8, 2002 (Original PS2)
April 8, 2005 (PC Standard Edition)
September 1, 2005 (PS2 re-release)
May 1, 2007 (SoftBank 3G)
November 22, 2007 (PSP)
February 5, 2008 (FOMA)

Manga

Author
Key

Illustrator
Yukimaru Katsura

Publisher
Kadokawa Shoten

Demographic
Seinen

Magazine
Comptiq

Original run
August 10, 2004 – February 10, 2006

Volumes
2

TV anime

Director
Tatsuya Ishihara

Studio
Kyoto Animation

Licensor
ADV Films

Network
BS-i
Anime Network

Original run
January 6, 2005 – March 31, 2005

Episodes
13

Animated film

Director
Osamu Dezaki

Producer
Iriya Azuma, Mamoru Yokota

Composer
Yoshikazu Suo

Studio
Toei Animation

Licensor
ADV Films

Released
February 5, 2005
December 11, 2007

Runtime
91 minutes

TV anime: Air in Summer

Director
Tatsuya Ishihara

Studio
Kyoto Animation

Licensor
ADV Films

Network
BS-i

Original run
August 28, 2005 – September 4, 2005

Episodes
2

Air is a Japanese visual novel developed by Key which was originally released as an adult game on September 8, 2000 playable on the PC as a CD-ROM. Subsequent versions with the adult content removed were sold playable on the PC, Dreamcast, and PlayStation 2. The PC version with adult content was re-released with added support for Windows 2000/XP under the name Air Standard Edition on April 8, 2005. The last releases of Air were made available to play on the PlayStation Portable, and SoftBank 3G and FOMA cell phones.

The gameplay in Air follows a plot line which offers pre-determined scenarios with courses of interaction, and focuses on the differing scenarios of the three female main characters. The game is divided into three segments—Dream, Summer, and Air—which serve as different phases in the overall story. The title of the game is meant to reflect the prominent themes of the air, skies, and use of wings throughout gameplay.

Air has made transitions into other media. A manga series based on the visual novel was first serialized in the Japanese magazine Comptiq and published by Kadokawa Shoten; the manga ran between August 2004 and February 2006 and was illustrated by Japanese artist Yukimaru Katsura. A thirteen-episode anime series created by Kyoto Animation aired in Japan between January and March 2005. A subsequent release of two episodes entitled Air in Summer aired in August and September 2005. While the anime was still airing, an Air movie by the animation studio Toei Animation hit theaters in Japan in February 2005. The anime series, plus the two-episode Air in Summer and the movie were licensed and released in North America by ADV Films. A set of nine drama CDs were also released, published by Lantis between August 2005 and January 2006.

Contents

//

Gameplay


An average conversation in Air featuring the main character talking to Misuzu.

The Air visual novel is divided into three segments—Dream, Summer, and Air—which serve as different phases in the overall story. The player assumes the role of Sora, a crow Misuzu befriends and brings home.

Air’s gameplay requires little interaction from the player as most of the game’s duration is spent reading the text that appears on the game screen, which represents either dialogue between the various characters or the inner thoughts of the protagonist. After progressing through the text, the player will come to a “decision point” where he or she must choose from multiple options. With the consumer ports, if an undesired choice was selected, there would be an option to rewind the story to correct the mistake. However, if the player reaches a bad end to a storyline, the player does not have this option and must reload the game at the last saved point.

There are three main plot lines the player experiences—one for each heroine. The player must replay the game multiple times and make different choices during decision points to view all three plot lines.

Plot


Air takes place in a town modeled on Kami, Japan.

Setting and themes

There are important locations featured in Air that are based on places in the city Kami in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.

As indicated by the title, air, skies and wings are important themes: Yukito is searching for the “girl in the sky”, have the ability to use magic, though Yukito is the least skilled among them. Kano was told by her sister that when she grows up and takes off her yellow ribbon, she will gain the power to do magic.

Main characters

Main article: List of Air characters

The player assumes the role of Yukito Kunisaki, the protagonist of Air. He lives a poor life going from town to town with little money, and is not trusting of people he first meets. Kano, like Misuzu, exhibits an immature personality, and still believes in things she was told by her older sister Hijiri as a child. The third and final heroine Yukito meets is a girl in Misuzu’s class at school named Minagi Tohno, a top student in the school who is very shy and quiet, which isolates her from others. Until she met Yukito, her only friend was Michiru, with whom she often blows bubbles at the abandoned train station in town.

Story

Air’s story revolves around three girls whose lives are connected to the same man. In the first story arc, Dream, Yukito Kunisaki is a showman traveling across Japan, continuing his late mother’s search for the “girl in the sky”.

The next day, Yukito meets girl named Kano Kirishima and a stray dog named Potato; Kano and Misuzu go to the same high school. Later that day, Yukito meets a third girl named Minagi Tohno, Misuzu’s classmate, and her friend Michiru. Like Misuzu, both Kano and Minagi have strange personalities connected with mysterious pasts. Before long, a legend of “one thousand summers” begins to unfold where the mysteries of the past are framed primarily by the relationship between Yukito and Misuzu. The cursed “girl in the sky” Yukito has been searching for turns out to be Misuzu. By the time he figures this out, she has already grown to love him and has passed her fifteenth birthday. Once these things have come to pass, the “girl in the sky” is cursed to die. The remainder of this arc is dedicated to Yukito’s attempt to save her, trying to effectively break the curse.

The next arc, Summer, reveals events that occurred in the summer of one thousand years before the Dream arc, taking place in the Heian period. Kannabi no mikoto, or Kanna, is one of the last winged beings in Air’s fictional setting and is held as a prisoner in her own castle. Since she bears wings on her back, she is not permitted to leave the castle walls or see her mother, who is in a similar situation elsewhere. With Ryūya, a member of her samurai guard, and Uraha, a fledgling telekinetic, Kanna escapes and traverses feudal Japan to find her mother. However, the rest of the guard and a sect of Buddhist monks follow them. After catching up, they place a curse on Kanna where she must endure constant reincarnation and death whenever she finds love; Misuzu is one such reincarnation.

In the last arc, Air, Yukito’s final wish to save Misuzu’s life is heard. The story starts over from the Dream arc, although it is seen through the view point of a crow Misuzu finds and names Sora. New things are revealed that were not seen following Yukito in the Dream arc. After Misuzu finds Sora and brings him back home, her condition worsens and eventually she forgets even who Haruko is. Misuzu’s father shows up during this arc wanting to take Misuzu back to his home, but Haruko pleads with him to grant her more time, and they agree on extending the time for three more days. The remainder of this arc has Misuzu and Haruko spending time together like mother and daughter.

Development

After the completion of Kanon, the Key staff started production on Air and expanded the number of people involved in this project compared to Kanon. The executive producer for Air was Takahiro Baba from Visual Art’s, the publishing company that Key is under.

Jun Maeda, the main scenario writer of Air, commented that in the early stages of Air’s production, it was already decided that it was to be an adult game, and he further assumes that if it was not at least first released with adult content, that it would not have as commercially successful. Maeda also commented that he wanted to write Air to give players the chance to experience the entire story as a whole rather than just a sum of differing parts as typical bishōjo games do, including Kanon. While attempting to do this, Maeda also tried to simultaneously make it seem similar to typical visual novels in the same genre as Air to give the game appeal to the players who often play such games. As such, while the game incorporates stories from several characters, they are all of varying lengths.

Release history

Air was released on September 8, 2000, playable only for the PC as a limited edition package containing two CD-ROMs for the game, and the music album Ornithopter. The DC version also included new scenes not viewable in the original release.

The second consumer port for the PlayStation 2 (PS2) was released on August 8, 2002. After the PS2 game sold enough units, three years later on September 1, 2005, a cheaper version for the PS2 also known as the “Best Version” went on sale for about half the price as the first PS2 release.

The Air Standard Edition was released on April 8, 2005 with added support for Windows 2000/XP as a DVD-ROM. Only this version, the original limited edition release, and the regular edition release contained pornographic scenes.

Adaptations

Manga

An Air manga was serialized in the Japanese computer game magazine Comptiq between August 10, 2004 and February 10, 2006.

There are also five sets of manga anthologies produced by different companies and drawn by a multitude of different artists. The first volume of the earliest anthology series, released by Ichijinsha under the title Air Comic Anthology, was released on January 25, 2001 under their DNA Media Comics label. Volumes for this series continued to be released until December 25, 2001 with the seventh volume. The second anthology,Air Anthology Comic, was released in a single volume by Softgarage on December 20, 2002. On April 17, 2004, Ohzora released an anthology comprising of works based on both Kanon and Air entitled Haru Urara: Kanon & Air. Ohzora also released three other anthologies under the title Air, the last of which came out on March 24, 2005.

Drama CDs

There were nine drama CDs released based on Air released by Lantis.


The cover of the first DVD compilation volume for the Air anime series.

Anime

See also: List of Air episodes

On November 17, 2004, a teaser DVD named “Air prelude” was produced containing interviews with the anime’s cast, clean opening and ending theme video sequences, and promotional footage of the anime itself; it was a limited edition DVD, with only 20,000 copies produced. The anime television series is produced by Kyoto Animation, directed by Tatsuya Ishihara, written by Fumihiko Shimo, and features character design by Tomoe Aratani who based the designs on Itaru Hinoue’s original concept. Thirteen episodes were produced by Kyoto Animation: twelve regular episodes, and a final recap episode which summarizes Misuzu’s story arc. The anime also follows the game by splitting the series into three parts; Dream (episodes one through seven), Summer (episodes eight and nine), and Air (episodes ten through twelve), with the recap episode (episode thirteen) following. The episodes aired between January 6, 2005 and March 31, 2005 on the BS-i Japanese television network. The theme songs from the Air visual novel are used for the anime’s opening theme, ending theme and soundtrack. After the conclusion of the anime series, a mini-series which added to the Summer arc of the story called Air in Summer aired on August 28, 2005 and September 4, 2005 a week later on BS-i. Air in Summer consisted of two episodes and was produced by the same staff as the anime series.

A DVD released on March 31, 2005 called “Air Memories” contained promotional commercials for the series, staff commentaries, and clean ending sequences from the twelfth and thirteenth episodes, lasting ninety-two minutes in total.

On April 27, 2007, ADV Films co-founder and executive Matt Greenfield announced the acquisition of both the anime series and the movie during a panel at Anime Matsuri, South Texas’ anime convention. The episodes were released on four DVD compilations between August 14, 2007 and November 27, 2007. The second DVD volume was sold in two editions, with the difference between the two being a series box all four DVDs could fit inside.

Movie

Main article: Air (film)

An Air animated film directed by Osamu Dezaki premiered in Japanese theaters on February 5, 2005.

Music

Main article: List of Air soundtracks

The visual novel has three main theme songs: “Bird’s Poem” (鳥の詩, Tori no Uta?), the opening theme; “Farewell song”, the ending theme; and “Blue Skies” (青空, Aozora?), the insert song. Each song is sung by Lia of I’ve Sound and the lyrics were written by Jun Maeda.

The first album, Ornithopter, came bundled with the original release of Air in September 2000.

Reception and sales

According to a national ranking of how well bishōjo games sold nationally in Japan, the original Air PC release premiered at number one in the rankings.

Air took the bishōjo gaming world by storm,” as states a review of the Dreamcast game by MobyGames.

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b Air cell phone game official website (Japanese). Prototype. Retrieved on 2007-01-12.
  2. ^ a b Air PSP official website (Japanese). Prototype. Retrieved on 2007-08-30.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Air art works, Paradigm, April 2001, pp. 224 
  4. ^ a b c d Air visual novel official website (Japanese). Key. Retrieved on 2007-11-30.
  5. ^ Summer arc playthrough chart (Japanese). Retrieved on 2008-05-16.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Air information and synopsis. Hentai.co.uk. Retrieved on 2007-01-12.
  7. ^ htc.moon.st on Air’s setting at the Internet Archive
  8. ^ Untranslated quote: その先には閉ざすものなく、空が広がっていた。遮へい物のひとつもない。陽光が揺らいだ。
    Translated quote: “In front of me is an unchecked, wide open sky. No obscuring objects whatsoever. The sunlight oscillated down.”
    Key. Air. Visual Art’s. (in Japanese). (2000-09-08)
  9. ^ Katsura, Yukimaru (2004). Air manga volume 1. Kadokawa Shoten, 153. 
  10. ^ a b c d e Key Scenario Staff Long Interview (Japanese). Colorful Pure Girl (March 2001). Retrieved on 2008-05-16.
  11. ^ Untranslated quote: …部活動というものがあるのです…天文部です
    Translated quote: “…There’s still club activities…the astronomy club.”
    Key. Air. Visual Art’s. (in Japanese). (2000-09-08)
  12. ^ Untranslated quote: 魔法が使えたらって、思ったことないかなぁ?
    Translated quote: “If you could use sorcery, what do you think would happen?”
    Key. Air. Visual Art’s. (in Japanese). (2000-09-08)
  13. ^ Untranslated quote: 俺が母親から伝えられた、手を触れずに人形を操る力。
    Translated quote: “I had inherited the ability to control puppets without touching them from my mother.”
    Key. Air. Visual Art’s. (in Japanese). (2000-09-08)
  14. ^ Untranslated quote: 手を触れることなく、人形を動かす力。俺にとっては当たり前の力。この少女にわかる言葉で、それを説明するなら…「…一種の魔法だ」
    Translated quote: A power that can move a puppet without touching it. To me, it’s a power that’s nothing out of the ordinary. But if I had to explain it to this girl using terminology she knew… “…it’s a kind of magic.”
    Key. Air. Visual Art’s. (in Japanese). (2000-09-08)
  15. ^ Untranslated quote: あるいは何か、下心を持っての行動だろうか。金は持っているだろうか。いくら友好的でも、こういう奴には関わらないのが無難だ。
    Translated quote: “Or is it some sinister plot? Or is it just because she’s rich? Even if she’s got a friendly attitude, it’s best not to get involved with that kind of person.”
    Key. Air. Visual Art’s. (in Japanese). (2000-09-08)
  16. ^ Untranslated quote: 見事にコミュニケーションがなされている。
    Translated quote: “She surprisingly seems to be able to communicate with it.”
    Key. Air. Visual Art’s. (in Japanese). (2000-09-08)
  17. ^ Untranslated quote: …この空の向こうには、翼を持った少女がいる。…それは、ずっと昔から。…そして、今、この時も。それは俺が幼い頃、母に聞かされた言葉だった。詳しいことを教えるより先に、母は死んでしまった。それ以来、俺は一人で旅を続けてきた。空にいる少女の話。
    Translated quote: “…at the far end of the sky, there is a girl who has wings…from the distant past…even now, she is still there. That is what I heard from my mother when I was small. Before I could ask more clearly, my mother died. After that, I continued journeying alone. The myth of the girl in the sky.”
    Key. Air. Visual Art’s. (in Japanese). (2000-09-08)
  18. ^ Untranslated quote: …わかった。泊めたる。納屋にな。
    Translated quote: “…I understand. Stay here. Sleep in the garage.”
    Key. Air. Visual Art’s. (in Japanese). (2000-09-08)
  19. ^ The Dream and Air arcs in Air are set in 2000; one thousand years prior in Japan in 1000 was during the Heian period.
  20. ^ “Heian period”. Encyclopedia Britannica. (2008). Retrieved on 2008-05-16. 
  21. ^ a b c Air staff information (Japanese). Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
  22. ^ a b Air staff information (Japanese). Erogamescape. Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
  23. ^ Clannad staff information (Japanese). Erogamescape. Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
  24. ^ a b c d Key Sounds Label albums with contributions by Jun Maeda (Japanese). Respect Maeda. Retrieved on 2008-04-25.
  25. ^ Release Information on the Dreamcast version of Air. Gamespot. Retrieved on 2008-04-25.
  26. ^ Air PS2 re-release. Rpgfan.com (2005-07-02). Retrieved on 2007-01-12.
  27. ^ a b Interchannel’s Air website (Japanese). Interchannel. Retrieved on 2008-04-25.
  28. ^ Official Visual Art’s Motto blog entry for the Air VGA mobile phone release (Japanese). Visual Art’s (February 5, 2008). Retrieved on 2008-02-06.
  29. ^ Official Key blog entry for the VGA Air mobile phone release (Japanese). Key (February 5, 2008). Retrieved on 2008-02-06.
  30. ^ List of cell phone games playable through Visual Art’s Motto (Japanese). Visual Art’s Motto. Retrieved on 2008-03-12.
  31. ^ Comptiq September 2004 issue (Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. Retrieved on 2006-06-25.
  32. ^ Katsura, Yukimaru. Air manga volume 1 (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. 
  33. ^ a b Katsura, Yukimaru. Air manga volume 2 (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. 
  34. ^ a b Official listing for the third volume of the manga anthology Air (Japanese). Ohzora. Retrieved on 2008-02-26.
  35. ^ a b c d Official listing for the nine Air drama CDs (Japanese). Lantis. Retrieved on 2008-02-18.
  36. ^ The ninth Air drama CD. CD Japan. Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
  37. ^ Official website listing of all TV episodes (Japanese). BS-i. Retrieved on 2007-04-27.
  38. ^ Unofficial website listing of TV episodes for Air. Anime News Network. Retrieved on 2007-04-27.
  39. ^ DVD section at the anime’s official website (Japanese). TBS. Retrieved on 2008-03-26.
  40. ^ Blue-ray box set release information at the anime’s official website (Japanese). TBS. Retrieved on 2008-03-26.
  41. ^ Air sells on Blu-Ray format (Japanese). Watch Impress. Retrieved on 2007-03-26.
  42. ^ ADV licensed the Air anime and movie. Anime News Network (April 27, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-04-27.
  43. ^ ADV Films’ official Air anime website. ADV Films. Retrieved on 2008-03-26.
  44. ^ a b c Air (movie). Anime News Network. Retrieved on 2006-06-25.
  45. ^ Air movie official website on the DVD features (Japanese). Frontier Works. Retrieved on 2008-04-25.
  46. ^ a b c Air Original Soundtrack booklet transcribed online (Japanese). Retrieved on 2008-05-29.
  47. ^ a b c d Key Sounds Label discography. Key Sounds Label. Retrieved on 2008-04-25.
  48. ^ Air Movie Soundtrack (Japanese). Amazon.co.jp. Retrieved on 2008-04-25.
  49. ^ Air Plagiarisation Follow-Up. Anime News Network (September 21, 2005). Retrieved on 2008-05-05.
  50. ^ a b PC News national ranking for bishōjo games; Air ranks 1, 42, and 42 (Japanese). Archived from the original on 2007-02-10. Retrieved on 2007-03-13.
  51. ^ PC News national ranking for bishōjo games; Air ranks 20 (Japanese). Archived from the original on 2007-02-10. Retrieved on 2007-03-13.
  52. ^ PC News national ranking for bishōjo games; Air ranks 42 and 42 (Japanese). Archived from the original on 2007-02-10. Retrieved on 2007-03-13.
  53. ^ PC News ranking for bishōjo games; Air ranks 26 (Japanese). Archived from the original on 2007-02-10. Retrieved on 2007-03-13.
  54. ^ PC News nation ranking for bishōjo games; Air ranks 43 (Japanese). Archived from the original on 2007-02-10. Retrieved on 2007-06-14.
  55. ^ a b PC News ranking for bishōjo games; Air ranks 7 and 30 (Japanese). Archived from the original on 2007-02-10. Retrieved on 2007-03-13.
  56. ^ PC News ranking for bishōjo games; Air ranks 42 (Japanese). Archived from the original on 2007-02-10. Retrieved on 2007-03-13.
  57. ^ PC News ranking for bishōjo games; Air ranks 1 (Japanese). Archived from the original on 2007-02-10. Retrieved on 2007-03-13.
  58. ^ PC News ranking for bishōjo games; Air ranks 34 and 28 (Japanese). Archived from the original on 2007-02-10. Retrieved on 2007-03-13.
  59. ^ Amazon store with ranking list for highest selling bishōjo games of 2000 (Japanese). Amazon.com. Retrieved on 2008-05-17.
  60. ^ Air DC game first week sales. Xmission (2001-09-28). Retrieved on 2008-05-16.
  61. ^ Ranking of highest selling Japanese Dreamcast games. Altervista. Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
  62. ^ Dreamcast review. MobyGames (2005-04-06). Retrieved on 2007-01-17.
  63. ^ Eternal Fighter Zero -Blue Sky Edition- (Japanese). Pirikara. Retrieved on 2006-01-12.
  64. ^ Dengeki G’s Magazine top fifty bishōjo games (Japanese). ASCII Media Works. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.

External links


Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:
Air (visual novel)

v • d • e

Key (under Visual Art’s)

Main staff

Jun Maeda · Shinji Orito · Itaru Hinoue · Na-Ga · Yūto Tonokawa

Notable former staff

Naoki Hisaya · Yūichi Suzumoto · Magome Togoshi · OdiakeS

Pre-Key visual novels

Dōsei · Moon. · One: Kagayaku Kisetsu e

Visual novels

Kanon · Air · Clannad · Planetarian: Chiisana Hoshi no Yume · Tomoyo After: It’s a Wonderful Life · Little Busters! · Rewrite

Animation

One OVA episodes · Kanon anime episodes · Air anime episodes · Air movie · Clannad anime episodes · Clannad movie

Characters

Kanon characters (Ayu Tsukimiya) · Air characters · Clannad characters · Little Busters! characters

Soundtracks

Kanon · Air (”Tori no Uta”) · Clannad · Planetarian: Chiisana Hoshi no Yume · Tomoyo After: It’s a Wonderful Life · Little Busters!

Key Sounds Label

Humanity… · Birthday Song,Requiem · Spica/Hanabi/Moon · Ma-Na · Love Song · OTSU Club Music Compilation albums

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_%28visual_novel%29
Categories: Manga series | Anime series | Anime films | 2000 video games | Air (series) | Bishōjo games | Dreamcast games | Fantasy video games | H games | Japan exclusive video games | Key games | Lantis | Media franchises | Mobile phone games | PlayStation 2 games | PlayStation Portable games | Romance video games | Visual novels | Windows games

Katherine (novel)

Monday, June 30th, 2008

Anya Seton’s Katherine is a historical novel based largely on facts. It tells the story of the historically-important love affair between the titular Katherine and John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and third son of King Edward III. The novel begins with Katherine’s arrival at court after years of a convent education and ends shortly after her marriage to the Duke in 1396.

In 2003, Katherine was ranked 95 in the BBC’s Big Read survey of Britain’s best-loved novels. It is commonly regarded as a prime example of historical fiction.

Plot summary

Katherine tells the true story of Katherine DeRoet, who was born the daughter of a minor Flemish herald, later knight, and who has no obvious prospects, except that her sister is a waiting-woman to the queen of King Edward III. By virtue of this court connection, she meets and marries Sir Hugh Swynford of Lincolnshire and gives birth to two children. After his death, Katherine Swynford becomes the mistress of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and bears him four children out of wedlock. Lady Swynford is appointed official governess to the Duke’s three eldest children, including the future King Henry IV.

Criticism and historical background

The novel is considered well written and carefully researched and diverges comparatively little from known history, though it does contain some necessary conjectures. It provides the reader with an accurate view of medieval England, life at court, and the lives of women in the 14th century. In addition to this, and to the glimpses of Geoffrey Chaucer, Katherine’s brother-in-law), it is also considered one of the greatest love stories ever written. It is one of the few texts that includes writings from Blessed Julian of Norwich, considered one of England’s greatest mystics and whose “Revelations of Divine Love” was the first book written in English by a woman. In a poll conducted in the 1990s by Ladies Home Journal the novel Katherine ranked in the top 10 all time best love stories.

Katherine Swynford is a significant figure in English history. Apart from being the direct ancestress of all members of the British royal family since Edward IV, who was her 4th great-grandson, she also gave Henry Tudor his tenuous claim to the English throne.

References

  1. ^ The Big Read Top 100. The BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/bigread/top100_2.shtml

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_%28novel%29
Categories: American novels | Historical novels | Romance novels | Novels by Anya Seton

Haunted (fantasy novel)

Monday, June 30th, 2008

Haunted


Time Warner (UK) Cover Art

Author
Kelley Armstrong

Cover artist
Dominic Harman

Country
United States

Language
English

Series
Women of the Otherworld

Genre(s)
Fantasy novel

Publisher
Viking Adult

Publication date
2005

Media type
Print (Hardcover & Paperback) & Audio Book (Cassette)

Pages
495 pages (paperback edition)

ISBN
ISBN 1-84149-341-4 (paperback edition)

Preceded by
Industrial Magic

Followed by
Broken

Haunted is a fantasy novel by written by Kelley Armstrong

Contents

//

Synopsis

Haunted, the fifth in the Women of the Otherworld series, is a novel written by Kelley Armstrong featuring Eve Levine. Half-demon, black witch and devoted mother, Eve has been dead for three years. However, whilst the afterlife isn’t too bad, Eve is desperate to find a way to communicate with her daughter, Savannah, now the ward of Paige Winterbourne and Lucas Cortez.

The Fates though have other plans, and they call in a favour. An evil spirit called the Nix has escaped from hell. Feeding on chaos and death, she is an expert at persuading people to kill for her. The Fates want Eve to hunt her down before she does any more damage. The Nix is a dangerous enemy, however. Previous hunters have been sent mad in the process.

Detailed Synopsis

Eve Levine has spent her afterlife watching over her daughter, Savannah, frustrated by her inability to help her now that she is dead. However, she is prevented from continuing this obsession when the Fates call in the favour she owes them for saving the lives of Paige and Lucas (Industrial Magic). She is to track down the Nix, a demi-demon with a penchant for chaos, whose particular trick is to provide the will-power women need to commit murder.

Assisted by her lover, Kristof Nast, and the Angel Trsiel, Eve sets out to hunt the Nix. But the demi-demon will not be easy prey. Using Jaime Vegas to contact the Nix’s previous partners, Eve discovers that the Nix is willing to go to any lengths to secure the chaos she feeds upon - putting the people Eve cares about most at risk. Eve must stop her, before it is too late, even if that means taking the last resort - becoming an Ascended Angel and giving up her life with Kristof.

Characters in “Haunted”

Major Characters

  • Eve Levine - Witch, Aspicio Half-demon and mother of Savannah. Now dead.
  • Fates, The - Deities in charge of the afterlife (see Moirae)
  • Jaime Vegas - Necromancer
  • Kristof Nast - Sorcerer father of Savannah. Now dead.
  • Lucas Cortez - Sorcerer Lawyer and husband of Paige Winterbourne, Son of Benicio Cortez and heir of Cortez Cabal.
  • Nix, The — Demi-demon.
  • Paige Winterbourne - Witch and Former Head of American Coven. Wife of Lucas Cortez.
  • Savannah Levine - 15 year old witch and ward of Paige Winterbourne. Daughter of Eve Levine (Witch & Aspicio half Demon) & Kristof Nast (Sorcerer & heir to Nast Cabal)
  • Trsiel - Angel charged with the task of assisting Eve

Allusions/references to actual history, geography and current science

  • Eliot Ness was (April 19, 1903 – May 16, 1957) was an American Prohibition agent, famous for his efforts to enforce Prohibition in Chicago, Illinois as the leader of a legendary team nicknamed The Untouchables. His inability to capture the Cleveland Torso Murderer - said in the novel to be surgeon Agnes Miller, assisted by the Nix - may have contributed to his exit from what was otherwise a reasonably successful career in Cleveland.

“The Nix didn’t ask who the “arrogant boy” was… she didn’t want to sit through another diatrible on the ineptitude and inexperience of Eliot Ness. The year before, Mayor Burton had appointed the young man as Cleveland’s safety director, head of the police and fire departments.” (p. 154)

  • Lizzie Borden (July 19, 1860 – June 1, 1927) was a New England spinster and a central figure in the case surrounding the brutal axe double-murder of her father and stepmother on a sweltering day, August 4, 1892 in Fall River, Massachusetts. The case was memorialized in a popular jump-rope rhyme, which also features on p. 183 of the novel:

Lizzie Borden took an axe
And gave her mother forty whacks.
When she saw what she had done,
She gave her father forty-one.

  • Glamis Castle is situated beside the village of Glamis — pronounced Glahmz (in IPA: /ˈɡlɑːmz/) — in Angus, Scotland. Glamis Castle was the childhood home of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, best known as the Queen Mother. Her daughter, Princess Margaret, was born there. The legend of the Monster of Glamis is in this novel related to the demon Dantalian.

Awards and nominations

Release details

Sources, references, external links, quotations

  • Author’s website

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haunted_%28fantasy_novel%29
Categories: 2005 novels | Canadian fantasy novels | Romance novels

Yargo (novel)

Sunday, June 29th, 2008

Yargo is a science fiction romance novel by Jacqueline Susann. The plot concerns a woman, Janet, who is not looking forward to getting married. A handsome alien, the title character, takes her on a trip to Mars, Venus and a few other planets including the planet “Yargo”. In Yargo, Janet sees the God of Yargo and his People, who is an epitome of all godly things. The story revolves around Jane and the God of Yargo, their love and their passion for peace in this world and how finally they fall in love with each other.

The novel was published after the author’s death by Bantam Books in 1979. It is ISBN 0-553-12855-8.

This article about a 1970s science fiction novel is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yargo_%28novel%29
Categories: 1979 novels | Science fiction novels | Romance novels | Novels by Jacqueline Susann | 1970s science fiction novel stubs